Posts Tagged ‘Corps’

How does the isolated upper sternal cleft impacts on child’s growth?

I have written in French over the past 4 years about my daughter’s condition with the hope of helping other French speaking families with the lack of open access to scientific information about sternal cleft, but also to share personal information from a parent’s point of view. For the first time however, an English family contacted me asking if my daughter has struggled at all with respiratory issues when she has caught colds, etc. And also if I have you found there to be any other side effects of the condition that have impacted her growth?

What I can say is that all the information I’ve gathered over the years concerns the clinical and surgical aspects of the sternal cleft repair. There is very little information ‘out there’ for lay readers about direct or side effects of the condition that may impact the children’s growth. However I make here a list of the information I have, either because I read it in an scientific article, was told by the doctors following my daughter’s case, by parents of children having a partial or total sternal cleft, and even by a young adult whose cleft was closed at the age of 2.

  • isolated sternal clefts seems to be asymptomatic and many authors of scientific articles affirm that there is no impact a part from the aesthetics consequences of the chest difformity. One doctor even said to me that if I judged that my daughter could deal with her appearance, then there was no need to undertake the sternal cleft repair. I have written about this issue in Sternal cleft: repair or not repair? Mother’s questions to a scientist and in Asymptomatic sternal cleft: is the repair necessary only for aesthetical reasons?. However, Doctors Alexander A. Fokin and Francis Robicsek in: Management of chest wall deformities in Advanced therapy in thoracic surgery, in: Kenneth L. Franco, Joe Billy Putnam, Robert S. D. Higgins, J Sanchez, PMPH-USA, 2005, 548 pp. give 6 indicators for external cleft repair, amongst which a) Enlargement of the defect over time will worsen in appearance and make it more difficult to correct, and b) paradoxic respiratory movements of the chest induce dyspnea and presispose patients to recurrent respiratory infections.
  • My daughter’s doctors and also three other families of children with isolated upper sternal cleft affirm that after the closure they can move their arms normally and can do any sports without problems.
  • Again doctors, families and also one young female adult whose cleft was closed at the age of 2 said that the cicatrice is barely visible. Usually families do not share photos showing the result of the surgical repair. And I have found only one on the Internet.

Now, my personal experience is the following:

  • My daughter’s cleft has not been repaired early because the doctors wanted to see if the sternum would grow alone and the cleft close naturally over the years. It has until a certain point: now a thin layer of the cartilage bone has grown covering a a good third of the cleft. Here you will find some recent photos. You will notice that she has a little wart on her skin where the cleft starts.
  • She has never suffered from any respiratory issues when she has caught colds. Although it is a little impressive when she cries or cough. As I said before, Fokin and Robicsek point to: paradoxic respiratory movements of the chest induce dyspnea and presispose patients to recurrent respiratory infections. And in Upper sternal cleft associated with unusual symptoms, S. Sen reports a case of sternal cleft with unusual symptoms such as dysphagia, restricted lingual movements and a voice problem.
  • The only thing I have noticed, and also another mother in her daughter too, is that my daugther’s neck seems shorter. I’ve read about this in an article, but cannot recall now what the article was.

Here also some recent references and a name of an expert with 27 years of experience in sternal clef repair: José Ribas Milanez de Campos, from the Thoracic Surgery Department, Sao Paulo University Medical School General Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Fente sternale: la peur de l’inconnu nous angoisse beaucoup

Ce post en guise de réponse à une maman d’un enfant atteint d’une fente sternale:

Mon fils a deux mois et est atteint de cette malformation. Nous avons vu un chirurgien de Necker qui programme l’intervention prochainement. Comment s’est déroulée l’intervention ? et l’hospitalisation ? Quelles ont été les suites ? Merci pour vos réponses, car la peur de l’inconnu nous angoisse beaucoup. (Voir son commentaire en contexte ici)

Moi, aussi je me suis posé ces questions et n’ai pas pu trouver de source faisant autorité en la matière, ni de témoignages de parents accessibles sur Internet. Alors, je me suis adressée directement à Necker et aussi contacté des parents qui avaient laissé des commentaires sur ce blog , ainsi que des parents d’enfants ayant été opérés à Necker.

La fente sternale de ma fille ne concerne que le tiers supérieur du sternum et elle est isolée; c’est-à-dire qu’elle n’est pas associée à d’autres malformations ou maladies. J’avais donc le choix de l’opération selon que je considérais que ma fille pouvait vivre ou plutôt bien vivre avec sa malformation de la poitrine car cette malformation ne nuirait pas son à développement. Nous devions nous décider très vite, car plus l’enfant grandit mois sa paroi thoracique est “malléable”.

Je devais donc décider d’une intervention chirurgicale pour des raisons esthétiques sur un corps qui n’est pas le mien, qui ne m’appartient pas et surtout, sur un corps qui est sain. J’ai écrit sur ces questions dans Sternal cleft: repair or not repair? Mother’s questions to a scientist. Et je vous livre ici le compte-rendu de mes recherches:

Les questions-réponses aux médecins

  • Mon Pédiatre n’a pas trop d’avis sur la question car Il ne s’y connaît pas du tout. Mais il s’est porté volontaire pour m’aider à comprendre le jargon médical des articles scientifiques, et après lecture, m’a conseillé de l’opérer. Il ne peut cependant m’éclairer sur les questions relatives à l’interventions, ni aux phases pre et post opératoires.
  • Le docteur Faiza Khan a pris le temps de me répondre de docteur à patient et aussi de maman à maman. Elle me conseille la réparation de la fente sternale, tout en essayant de comprendre les raison de mon angoisse face à l’inconnu.
  • J’ai posé 10 questions par email à l’équipe de médecins qui suit mon enfant à Necker. Le secrétariat du service m’a transmis les réponses (ici en gras) aux questions suivantes:
    • Quelle est la méthode de réparation chirurgicale que vous utiliser pour refermer la fente sternale? La méthode consiste à rapprocher.
    • Existe-t-il des méthodes d’intervention, je pense à des implants, qui pourraient nous permettre d’opérer mon enfant plus tard lorsqu’elle pourra participer à la prise des décisions? Non
    • Existe-t-il des interventions qui laisseraient une cicatrice horizontale? Non
    • Quelle est la durée de la période de rétablissement, lorsque l’enfant doit rester à la maison? 45 jours
    • Est-ce douloureux et pendant combien de temps après l’opération? Lorsque mon enfant sera chez vous, elle sera prise en charge, mais après à la maison quels sont les soins que nous devons lui prodiguer? Les douleurs peuvent persister pendant 1 semaine. Il n’y a pas de soins particuliers à prévoir à la maison
    • Combien de temps, après l’opération, sera-t-il nécessaire pour récupérer un mouvement total des bras en arrière? Pourra-t-elle pratiquer n’importe quel sport par la suite? Il faut compter 2 mois pour la récupération. La reprise des sports sera possible par la suite.
    • Avez vous des photos des patients opérés dans vos services où l’on peut apprécier le résultat de l’intervention? oui, il existe des photos.
    • Qui va opérer mon enfant? Les opérateurs seront le Pr. Glorion et le Dr. Padovani.
    • Est-il possible de se mettre en contact avec les autres familles des enfants opérés par vous? Je pense aux deux cas de fente sternale dont vous m’avez parlé. Oui dans la mesure où eux sont d’accord.
    • Y-a-t-il un soutien psychologique dans votre service, à la disposition des familles et des enfants qui vont subir une intervention chirurgicale? Oui, nous avons une psychologue dans le service.

Les entretiens avec les parents

J’ai contacté plusieurs parents d’enfants dont la fente sternale a été réparée. Dans tous les cas, les enfants ont été opérés entre les deux et les dix-huit mois de vie. parler de la malformation de son enfant n’est pas facile, d’autant plus que certains parents, tout en reconnaissant l’utilité des information que je publie ici depuis bientôt 5 ans, avaient peur de trouver des informations appartenant à leur vie privée diffusées sur Internet. Aussi il m’a été impossible d’obtenir de photos d’enfants après intervention. Mais ces quelques conversations de parent à parent m’ont aidé à apaiser mes angoisses. Une maman très généreuse a passé plus d’une heure au téléphone avec moi. J’ai été aussi contactée par un adulte ayant été opéré enfant à deux ans.

  • Il s’agit d’une opération longue.
  • L’enfant ne souffre pas trop compte tenu du programme de gestion de la douleur postopératoire.
  • Le rétablissement peut prendre de 10 à 15 jours à l’hôpital, ensuite l’enfant peut rentrer à la maison.
  • Les soins prodigués à la maison sont tout à fait gérables par les parents, pour les soins les plus délicats on peut toujours aller en milieu hospitalier.
  • La cicatrice s’estompe très rapidement et elle est à peine visible au bout de quelques années.
  • L’enfant peut très rapidement recommencer une vie normale: tout faire, y compris le sport.

Dans deux cas, les fils non résorbables utilisés pour refermer la fente sternale ont cassé ou se sons détendus. Dès lors on considérerait l’utilisation des fils résorbables. J’ai aussi entendu dire que lorsque les fils non résorbables cassaient ils pouvaient ressortir légèrement créant des protubérances sous la peau. Mais franchement j’ai déjà du mal à imaginer le résultat de l’intervention, encore moins les complications.

La recherche d’informations scientifiques

J’ai continué ma recherche de sources scientifiques pour savoir s’il y avait d’autres raisons, mis à part les raisons esthétiques, justifiant la réparation des fentes sternales isolées ou asymptomatiques. Dans le post Asymptomatic sternal cleft: is the repair necessary only for aesthetical reasons?, je rends compte d’un article scientifique où l’on trouve 6 indicateurs pour la réparation des fentes sternales, au delà des raisons purement esthétiques. Deux indicateurs de la liste m’ont amenée à reconsidérer l’opération:

  • Enlargement of the defect over time will worsen in appearance and make it more difficult to correct”
  • paradoxic respiratory movements of the chest induce dyspnea and presispose patients to recurrent respiratory infections”.**

Mon enfant sera opérée le 7 avril 2010, si j’obtiens l’accord de la caisse d’assurance maladie belge.

** Alexander A. Fokin and Francis Robicsek, Management of chest wall deformities in Advanced therapy in thoracic surgery, Kenneth L. Franco, Joe Billy Putnam, Robert S. D. Higgins, J Sanchez, PMPH-USA, 2005, 548 pp. Alexander A. Fokin est également réferencé pour son classement d’indications pour la réparation des fentes sternales dans: Michael J. Sundine, Treatment of sternal clefts in Reconstructive Surgery of the Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis, Gregory R. D. Evans, Informa Health Care, 2004, 473 pp.

Images of superior sternal cleft in a 4 years old

Here two images from a recent thorax scan of my daughter before surgical intervention.

Stenal cleft, at 4 years old

Stenal cleft, at 4 years old

Asymptomatic sternal cleft: is the repair necessary only for aesthetical reasons?

Contrary to what I’ve been told so far, that in the case of asymptomatic sternal clefts, a surgical intervention was recommended only for aesthetical reasons, I’ve found two articles on sternal cleft surgery stating that sternal clefts should be corrected and giving a series of indications beyond aesthetics.

These articles also outline the importance of addressing base by case, as sternal clefts, with r without ectopia cordis, represent a rare clinical entity:

About sternal cleft surgery

and also, more detailed: About sternal cleft surgery About sternal cleft surgery

When I read this, two indications worry me “Enlargement of the defect over time will worsen in appearance and make it more difficult to correct” and also “paradoxic respiratory movements of the chest induce dyspnea and presispose patients to recurrent respiratory infections”.

I wonder then, why the doctors affirmed that leaving unrepaired Priel’s sternal cleft would not have any consequence in her future development.

Dr Alexander Fokin is the author of the first fragment cited here that comes from Alexander A. Fokin and Francis Robicsek, Management of chest wall deformities in Advanced therapy in thoracic surgery, Kenneth L. Franco, Joe Billy Putnam, Robert S. D. Higgins, J Sanchez, PMPH-USA, 2005, 548 pp. He is also cited as main reference for his classification of indications for sternal cleft repair in: Michael J. Sundine, Treatment of sternal clefts in Reconstructive Surgery of the Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis, Gregory R. D. Evans, Informa Health Care, 2004, 473 pp.

Access to scientific information and support about sternal cleft: comparison of three sources

As explained in Sternal cleft: repair or not repair? Mother’s questions to a scientist, I’m presently looking for scientific information and support to make an informed decision about the surgical intervention for aesthetical reasons of my 3 years old, Priel.

I’ve launched in parallel 4  methods for doing so:

  • I’ve written, as I did almost 4 years ago, a post in English with a list of questions and a invitation for testimonies of parents and patients about their experience of (upper) sternal cleft. I have also, after reflection, posted two public photos of Priel. The majority of photos found online of upper sternal cleft come from medical archives and are not pleasant to see. In Priel’s case the cleft is very mild, it does look strange and every person who meet her remark either the gap on her chest or the way the air fills this gap when she breathes, but specially when she laughs or worse, cries.
  • I’ve twittered about it, 3 persons retwitted  and I received an concrete answer offering help from a doctor in Oregon:

Sternal cleft: looking for information

Sternal cleft: looking for information

These efforts will be completed by a post in French with questions addressed to the persons who contacted me during the last 3 years: two parents of toddlers with sternal cleft and a young woman whose sternal cleft was repaired in 1987. Let’s see which methods give the best results: self-search vs personal network?

Update 5 Mai 2009:

  • No answer to my post in ‘the influential moms network’ Twitter Moms.
  • Two persons retwitted: @NergizK and @Cristinacost, women and not of the egotwistical kind
  • One doctor contacted me via Twitter and asked me for complementary information in a direct message
  • I’ve surfed all the sources that came up using the Custom Google Search in the Open Science Directory: none is free access. However I found two excellent books of chest wall repair which text is partially accessible via Google Books.
  • I’ve found two articles in free access via the Directory of Open Access Journals. I still have to read them.
  • After preliminary readings on the subject, I contacted by mail Dr Alexander Fokin, who seems to be a worldwide expert in sternal cleft deformities and their repair, with my previous list of questions.

Sternal cleft: repair or not repair? Mother’s questions to a scientist

Tu es toute belle!

4 years ago, few hours after her birth, I discovered that my daughter had a sternal cleft of the upper third of the sternum*. I’ve collected all possible sources accessible to the general public and prepared an information sheet for parents like me, asking for questions not answered by their doctors: Quand une maladie rare frappe à notre porte .

At the time, the references in the articles put me on the trail of Professor Padovani, now retired surgeon of the Hopital des Enfants Malades, Necker in Paris, see Sternal cleft: Case report and review of a series of nine patients. I’ve seen him once in 2005, for 10 minutes, along with Professor Glorion who is the chief of the orthopaedic surgery and paediatric traumatology unit. It was like seeing the president – very short and straight to the point – no time to waste here.

I’ve been there three times:

  • October 2005: Sternum may grow during the first years of life. Let’s see her sternum development in one year.
  • November 2006: Sternum is growing slowly. Let’s see her sternum development in two years.
  • May 2009: her sternal cleft is still visible, but is not one unpleasant to see. Could be worse, couldn’t it? The choices are between letting her grow up adult with a gap in her upper chest, a gap that fills with air like a frog or a bird, when she cries or laughs. Or going for a sternal cleft repair, by approximating the U-shaped sternal defect, that leaves a vertical scar. It needs to be done soon, this autumn, while her bony thorax is still compliant.

Ne bouge plus!

Today I feel as if everything were starting again. Alone with no answers, not knowing what decision to take. With no time to ask all the questions I wanted. Feeling like disturbing the big scientist who gave me enough time already. Many other children are waiting in the corridor to see the Professor. I have to leave.

Today I’m upset. I don’t have elements to make an informed choice. From what I understood, approximating the U-shaped sternal defect is something like opening the chest vertically, sewing bones together, and closing the chest. But nothing of this was explained properly to me. I guess because a lack of time or because I’m parent, not a doctor. This is not parents’ business. Doctors decide what to do and we, patients, have the freedom of accepting or not. But no one sits near to you and explains the state of the art in the field, reviews the variety, if any, of surgical methods for sternal cleft repair, and gives advice.

The uncomfortable position I find myself in is one of deciding a surgical intervention for aesthetic reasons on my daughter. After all, is her body, not mine. Why do I have to decide how she will prefer to live? Would she prefer to live with the defect or with a persistent scar? Will she always hide her neck, wearing longs necks and collars? How will she feel, with her naked body, when making love for the first time? These are not doctor’s matters.

If you as a scientist, drop by this post, please help the mother and explain me:

  • What are the different methods for sternal cleft repair?
  • Are there alternative methods that do not leave a vertical scar across neck and chest, but a horizontal scar?
  • Is there any method of intervention at a later age that will allow her to participate in the decision making process?
  • If this is the only method to repair, when her bones are sewn together, will the thoracic cage have the same amplitude?
  • Does it hurt and how long after the intervention patients suffer?
  • How long it takes to fully recover and not to be in pain?
  • Will she be able to move her shoulders back fully? Will she be able to play sports?
  • Are there photos that I can see of the results an intervention like this?
  • Are there any testimonies of other patients on the quality of life with a sternal cleft and with a repaired sternal cleft?

*Sternal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from a fusion failure of the sternum

In the following photo from the case report Primary repair of a sternal cleft in an infant with autogenous tissues , by Sinasi Yavuzera and Murat Kara, we can appreciate a young girl before and after the intervention:

Fig. 1 (A) Preoperative view of the sternal cleft in the chest wall. (B) Postoperative view of the patient

Quand une maladie rare frappe à notre porte

Inès et Priel, Bayonne, août 2005

Inès Azahara, ma fille aînée, tient dans ses bras Priel Amaranta, notre 3e enfant née le 13 août 2005 à 15h28. Priel, dont l’étymologie hébraïque signifie “Fruit de D’ieu”, est atteinte d’une malformation congénitale rare du sternum qui touche au plus 1 enfant sur 30.000 dans le monde. Un espace vide à la place de la partie supérieure du sternum en témoigne. Dans ce vide, un petite poche se gongle et se dégonfle au rythme de sa respiration. Sur son carnet de santé, un diagnostic clair Aplasie sternale 1/3 supérieur sans anomalie fonctionnelle.

Dans nos têtes, c’est le doute. 2 jours de recherche nous apprendrons néanmoins :

  • qu’au lieu d‘aplasie, d‘agénésie sternale, d‘absence partielle du sternum ou encore d‘absence du manubrium, on parlera davantage de fente sternale (fr), sternal cleft (en) ou hendidura esternal (es) ;
  • qu’il s’agit s’une malformation très peu fréquente (0,15%) dans le spectre des malformations du sternum, dont les plus répandues sont le thorax en entonnoir (pectus excavatum) et le thorax en carène ou en bréchet (pectus carinatum) ;
  • que la fente sternale peut être partielle (affectant la partie supérieure, médiane ou inférieure du sternum) ou totale, dans ce cas on parlera d’absence totale du sternum ;
  • que la fente sternale peut être asymptomatique et isolée ou au contraire associée à des maladies congénitales rares telles que les anomalies de la ligne médiane comme la dysplasie vasculaire, caractérisée -entre autres- par l’apparition d’hémangiomes ou d’autres anomalies cardiovasculaires ;
  • qu’il est nécessaire -et les experts s’accordent sur ce point- de procéder à une réparation chirurgicale de préférence au cours de la période néonatale :
The cardiopulmonary system progressively accommodates to the size of the thorax following the first 3 months of age, and the chest wall becomes firm. Thus, numerous authors agree that the optimal choice of treatment is the primary direct closure in the neonatal period with autogenous tissues, when flexibility of the chest wall is maximal and compression of underlying structures is minimal. Nevertheless, hypoplastic nature of the sternal remnants and the width of the cleft may sometimes preclude primary repair. Hence, more complicated procedures such as implantation of autologous grafts such as costal cartilages, parietal skull, tibial periosteum, and the use of prosthetic materials such as stainless steel mesh, Marlex, acrylic, silicone elastomer or Teflon have been suggested as alternative approaches. Although surgical repair should be performed in the neonatal period in patients with sternal cleft, a safe and favorable operation may also be performed with the use of autogenous tissues even in late infancy. Sinasi Yavuzer, Primary repair of a sternal cleft in an infant with autogenous tissues.

Avec ce post, à l’attention de tout parent qui comme nous cherche des pistes de réponses face à la maladie de son enfant, nous arrêtons nos recherches sur la fente sternale et les maladies rares pouvant être associées et attendons patiemment notre premier rendez-vous avec le Pr Glorion et le Dr Padovani début septembre.

Autoportraits gauches et aveugles

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